独裁终结了表现主义艺术时代

​Several expressionist artists lost their lives during World War I, or as a result of the war due to traumas and illness. Franz Marc fell in 1916; Egon Schiele died during the 1918 influenza epidemic, and many others took their own lives after breaking down under the traumas of the war. Finally, the era of German Expressionism was extinguished by the Nazi dictatorship in 1933. Countless artists of the time, among whom were Pablo Picasso, Paul Klee, Franz Marc, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Edvard Munch, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, were labelled as “degenerate artists” by the Nazis and their Expressionist artworks were removed from museums and confiscated.

几位表现主义艺术家在第一次世界大战期间丧生，或者由于创伤和疾病而因战争而丧生。 弗朗茨·马克于 1916 年倒下； 埃贡·席勒（Egon Schiele）在 1918 年流感流行期间去世，许多其他人在战争创伤下崩溃后自杀。 最终，德国表现主义的时代在 1933 年被纳粹独裁统治所消灭。当时的艺术家不计其数，其中包括巴勃罗·毕加索、保罗·克利、弗朗茨·马克、恩斯特·路德维希·基什内尔、爱德华·蒙克、亨利·马蒂斯、文森特·梵高和保罗·高更 ，被纳粹标记为“堕落的艺术家”，他们的表现主义艺术品被从博物馆移走并没收。

Yet Expressionism continued to inspire and live on in later artists and art movements. For example, Abstract Expressionism developed as an important avant-garde movement in the post-war United States in the 1940s and 1950s. The Abstract Expressionists renounced figuration and instead explored colour fields, gestural brushstrokes and spontaneity in their art. Later, in the late 1970s/early 1980s, Neo-Expressionism started developing as a reaction against the Conceptual art and Minimalist art of the time. Neo-Expressionist artists were greatly inspired by the German Expressionists who came before them, often depicting their subjects in a raw manner with expressive brushstrokes and intense colours. Famous Neo-Expressionist artists include Jean-Michel Basquiat, Anselm Kiefer, Julian Schnabel, Eric Fischl and David Salle.

然而，表现主义继续激发并在后来的艺术家和艺术运动中继续存在。 例如，抽象表现主义在 1940 年代和 1950 年代成为战后美国重要的前卫运动。 抽象表现主义者放弃了具象，而是在他们的艺术中探索色彩场、手势笔触和自发性。 后来，在 1970 年代末/1980 年代初，新表现主义开始发展为对当时的观念艺术和极简主义艺术的反应。 新表现主义艺术家受到了先于他们的德国表现主义艺术家的极大启发，他们经常用富有表现力的笔触和强烈的色彩以原始的方式描绘他们的主题。 著名的新表现主义艺术家包括让-米歇尔·巴斯奎特、安塞尔姆·基弗、朱利安·施纳贝尔、埃里克·费舍尔和大卫·萨勒。